SEM 5

Unit 1- Vector Atom Model (10hrs) 

Bohr’s theory, correspondence principle Somerfield’s atom model and explanation of fine structure of H line in Balmer series of hydrogen atom. Limitation of Sommerfeld atom model. Vector atom model-Various quantum numbers associated with vector atom model-, L.S and j.j couplings –application of spatial quantization Pauli's exclusion principle - magnetic dipole moment of electron due to orbital and spin motion - Spin-Orbit coupling. 

Unit 2- Atomic Spectra (14hrs) 

Optical spectra-Spectral terms and notations - selection rules - intensity rule and interval rule - fine structure of sodium D lines – hyperfine structure-alkali spectra - Zeeman effect - Larmor's theorem – quantum mechanical explanation of normal Zeeman effect. Anomalous Zeeman effect –Paschen-Back effect-Stark effect. 

Unit 3- X-ray Diffraction (8 hrs) 

X-rays- Discovery- properties -scattering -Measurement of X-ray wavelengths by ruled gratings-X-ray Spectra- continuous and characteristics X- ray spectrum Origin of continuous Spectrum -Origin of characteristic X-rays-X-ray energy level diagram. -Absorption of X-rays-Applications of X-rays 

Unit 4- Molecular spectra (28 hrs) 

Electromagnetic spectra-molecular energies-classification of molecules-rotational spectra of diatomic molecules-rotational energy levels-selection rules-rotational spectrum-isotope effect- bond length and atomic mass. Diatomic vibrational spectra-vibrational energy levels-selection rule-vibrational transitions-Rotation-Vibration transitions-IR spectrometer Raman scattering- classical description of Raman scattering, quantum theory of Raman scattering- -vibrational Raman spectra-diatomic molecules-polyatomic molecules-rotational Raman spectra Raman spectrometer. Electronic spectra sequences and progressions-Frank-Condon principle

Unit 5- Resonance Spectroscopy (12 hrs) 

NMR principle-Resonance condition-NMR spectrometer-chemical shift-indirect spin-spin Interaction- applications of NMR spectroscopy ESR principle- Resonance condition –ESR spectrometer-hyperfine interaction – applications of ESR spectroscopy. Mossbauer spectroscopy- principle -isomer shift.

Unit 1- Statistical Physics (18 hrs)

 Statistical probability, Macro and Micro states, Phase space, Statistical ensemble, Postulate of equal probability, Maxwell Boltzmann distribution, Velocity distribution. Indistinguishability of identical particles, Bose Einstein and Fermi Dirac distribution function, comparison of three statistics 

Unit 2 Research Methodology (18 hrs)

 Research - Objectives and motivation in research – different types of research- research approaches- Significance of research- Research methods and methodology – Research and scientific method- Various steps in a research processimportance of literature survey- criteria of good research. Thesis/ Report writing - preliminary section (Title page, declaration of author, certificate of supervisor, table of contents, list of tables and figures, preface acknowledgement), Main Text (abstract, introduction, experimental section, results and discussion), Conclusions, references, scope for future study. 

Unit 3 Error Analysis (12 hrs) 

Significant figures- Basic ideas of error measurement, uncertainties of measurement, importance of estimating errors, dominant errors, random errors, systematic errors, rejection of spurious measurements. Estimating and reporting of errors, errors with reading scales, absolute and relative errors, and standard deviation, Variance in measurements, error bars and graphical representation. 

Unit 4 – Disaster Management (24hrs) 

Global natural disasters: Natural hazards and natural disasters, Recent major disasters and their relief efforts, Impact of global climate change and major natural disasters, Human adaptability of natural disasters, Fragile natural eco-environment, Disaster reduction activity, achievements, challenges and future development Earth quake disaster and their and their effects, Advancement in research of earthquake disaster, earthquake and tsunami warnings, earthquake disaster prevention, earthquake disaster mitigation Health emergencies and diseases: environmental health and diseases, disasters and emergencies, steps in disaster management, pre-disaster activity, role of water supply, need for protecting large scale water supply schemes, assessment of damaged and available and water resources, water quality testing- Personal hygiene, control of communicable diseases and prevention of epidemics, measures for controlling communicable diseases and epidemics. Radiation emergencies, health consequence of radiation, measures to prevent sudden health emergencies due to radiation